Independence Day in India is celebrated every year on August 15 as a national holiday. This day commemorates the end of British rule in 1947, following the Indian Independence Act passed on July 18 of that year, which led to the creation of an independent Indian nation after years of struggle during the Indian Independence Movement. It also marks the partition of the subcontinent into two countries, India and Pakistan, which took place at midnight on August 14-15, 1947.
India’s journey to independence from British rule was driven by the relentless efforts of many great leaders, with Mahatma Gandhi at the forefront. Gandhi’s philosophy of nonviolence and civil disobedience inspired a series of nationwide movements, such as the Salt March and the Quit India Movement, which mobilised millions of Indians in the struggle for freedom.
Mahatma Gandhi, known as the "Father of the Nation," was a pivotal figure in India's struggle for independence from British rule. His philosophy of nonviolence (ahimsa) and civil disobedience became the cornerstone of the Indian freedom movement. Gandhi's leadership was marked by iconic events such as the Salt March and the Quit India Movement, where he mobilised millions of Indians to peacefully resist British oppression. His commitment to truth, simplicity, and the upliftment of the oppressed resonated deeply with people across the country, transcending barriers of caste, religion, and social class. Gandhi’s unwavering belief in justice and human dignity not only led India to independence but also left a profound impact on global movements for civil rights and freedom. His life and teachings continue to inspire people worldwide, making him one of the most revered leaders in history.
Alongside Gandhi, Mohammed Ali Jinnah played a crucial role as the leader of the All-India Muslim League. While initially advocating for Hindu-Muslim unity, Jinnah eventually became the key figure in the creation of Pakistan, leading to the partition of India in 1947.
Jawaharlal Nehru, a close associate of Gandhi, was another vital leader in the freedom movement. A visionary thinker and an advocate of democratic socialism, Nehru was deeply committed to the idea of a secular and modern India. His leadership as India’s first prime minister laid the foundation for the newly independent nation’s future, guiding it through the challenges of post-colonial development.
Other significant figures, such as Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, who played a pivotal role in the integration of princely states, and Subhas Chandra Bose, who led the Indian National Army, also made invaluable contributions to India’s independence. Together, these leaders and their collective efforts shaped the course of India’s history, leading to the country’s eventual freedom on August 15, 1947.
Subhas Chandra Bose was a dynamic and revolutionary leader who played a crucial role in India's struggle for independence. Unlike many of his contemporaries, Bose believed that armed resistance was necessary to overthrow British rule. He famously escaped from house arrest in India and travelled to Germany and Japan, where he sought international support for India’s independence. Bose formed the Indian National Army (INA) with the slogan "Give me blood, and I will give you freedom," rallying thousands of Indian soldiers to fight against the British. Although his efforts did not directly result in independence, Bose’s bravery and determination inspired many and added significant momentum to the freedom movement, leaving a lasting legacy in India’s fight for freedom.
India had been under British rule for decades. The tyranny of the British kept increasing with time. Many Indians came forward to fight the British and drive them away from the country. Under the leadership of freedom fighters such as Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Shaheed Bhagat Singh, Mahatma Gandhi, Sarojini Naidu, Rani Laxmi Bai and Subhash Chandra Bose, the citizens of India came together and fought for their independence.
They were inspired by these leaders and participated in the freedom struggle selflessly. Several protests were held and many movements were initiated. Many people lost their lives and others went to jail during these events however this did not dither their spirit to fight the British. Independence Day is a way to remind us of their sacrifices and thus holds special importance for the citizens of our country.
Celebration of Independence Day
Independence Day is also a time to celebrate our independence. When India gained independence, its population enjoyed actual freedom. They celebrated their newfound freedom, and this day honours the same spirit year after year. However, it also emphasises the need to stay connected to our origins and remain grounded even when we fly high and feel united.
Independence Day in India is celebrated with immense enthusiasm and holds deep significance for all its citizens. On this day, the Indian flag is proudly hoisted across the country. Different states, organisations, residential societies, colleges and universities celebrate this with various activities.
Here’s a glimpse of how these celebrations typically unfold:
Following the flag hoisting, a speech is usually delivered by the chief guest or a member of the organising committee. In schools and colleges, this responsibility often falls to the principal. The speech reflects on India’s journey to independence from British rule and the challenges faced by those living under colonial oppression.
Debates and quizzes are often held, with themes centred around Independence Day. These competitions engage participants and audiences alike, fostering a deeper sense of patriotism.
The festivities kick off with the hoisting of the tricolour, the Indian flag. Everyone present stands in respect as the flag is raised, followed by the singing of the national anthem, "Jana Gana Mana." People stand at attention to honour the anthem as it plays.
To commemorate the day and honour the freedom fighters, patriotic songs and poems are recited. These performances evoke memories of the brave souls who sacrificed their lives for the country’s independence.
The tradition of distributing sweets on Independence Day is long-standing. While laddoos were commonly given out in the past, today a wide variety of sweets are shared, including beautifully crafted tri-colour treats. These sweets are distributed at various venues to add sweetness to the celebration.
A variety of cultural activities add vibrancy to the celebrations. Dance and singing competitions are popular, with participants often showcasing traditional dances from different states. Dressed in colourful attire that reflects the diversity of India, they bring joy and energy to the event.
As we commemorate the 78th Independence Day in 2024, it is an opportunity to remember the sacrifices of those who fought for our freedom and reflect on our country's history. This year's theme, Viksit Bharat—a developed and progressive India—reminds us of our shared obligation to continue building a nation that represents the principles of justice, equality, and democracy. As we look forward to a brighter future, let us commit to making Viksit Bharat a reality, ensuring that our freedom fighters' legacy lives on in the India we hope to build for future generations.
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